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Data File: MCG19A01

Data Files (2):

MCG19A01_d1 - Annual Data

MCG19A01_d2 - Person Data

Study Name: Follow-up mortality analysis of the Mallinckrodt uranium processing workers between 1942 and 2012

Cohort Size: 2,514

Races: White

Sexes: Male

Diseases: No data available.

Earliest Exposure: 1/1/1942

Latest Exposure: 12/31/1966

Follow-Up: 12/31/2012

Exposure Type: External and Internal Radiation Monitoring

Exposure Agent: No data available.

Covariate: Pay Type by First Job Title, Year of Hire, Year of Birth

Sites: Mallinckrodt Chemical Works

Description:
Mallinckrodt Chemical Works was the earliest uranium processing facility in the United States, and in 1942, produced the uranium oxide used for the first sustained and controlled nuclear fission chain reaction at the University of Chicago. A second follow-up through 2012 was conducted of 2,514 white male workers employed 1942 to 1966 at the MCW for dose-response analyses for selected causes of death. The cohort was the same as used in the first analysis with follow-up through 1993 (Ellis 2000). The current analysis extended follow-up through 2012 and included organ doses. Organ/tissue-specific dose reconstruction included both external (12,686 MCW film badge records, 210 other facility film badge records, and 31,297 occupational chest x-rays) and internal sources of uranium and radium (39,451 urine bioassays, 2341 breath radon measurements, and 6846 ambient radon measurements). Dust measurements from pitchblende facilitated quantitative risk estimates for non-radiogenic effects on the lung and kidney.
Vital status was determined from multiple sources including the National Death Index and the Social Security Administration. Results: Vital status was determined for 99% of the workers, of whom 75% had died.
The mean lung dose from all sources of external and internal radiation combined was 69.9 mGy (maximum 885 mGy; percent workers greater than 100 mGy, 10%) and there was no evidence for a dose response for lung cancer (HR of 0.95 [95%CI 0.81–1.12] at 100 mGy). A significant association with radiation was found for kidney cancer (HR of 1.73 (95%CI 1.04–2.79) at 100 mGy) and suggested for nonmalignant kidney diseases (HR of 1.30 [95%CI 0.96–1.76[ at 100 mGy). A non-radiation etiology could not be discounted, however, because of the possible renal toxicities of uranium, a heavy metal, and silica, a component of pitchblende dust. Non-significant HRs at 100 mGy for other sites of a priori interest were 0.36 (0.06–2.03) for leukemia other than CLL, 0.68 (0.17–2.77) for liver cancer, and 1.23 (0.79–1.90) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The HR at 100 mGy was 1.09 (0.99–1.20) for ischemic heart disease. An association was seen between dust and combined malignant and non-malignant lung disease, HR at 10 mgm^3year^-1 of 1.01 (1.00–1.02). A positive radiation dose response was observed for malignant and non-malignant kidney disease, and a negative dose response was observed for malignant and non-malignant lung disease. Cumulative measures of dust were significantly associated with malignant and non-malignant lung disease and suggested for malignant and non-malignant kidney disease. Small numbers preclude definitive interpretations which will await the combination with similar studies of early uranium processing workers.
The file Annual Data (MCG19A01_d1) contains 121,375 records and covers 1942 through 1968 exposures. The Person Data (MCG19A01_d2) has 2,514 people and contains their demographic information and their underlying cause of death (ICDA8). Other demographic variables available include date of birth, pay code, year of hire, and follow-up start and stop dates.

Citations Associated:
Dupree-Ellis, E., Watkins, J., Ingle, J. N., & Phillips, J. (2000). External radiation exposure and mortality in a cohort of uranium processing workers. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.1.91
Ellis, E. D., Boice, J. D., Golden, A. P., Girardi, D. J., Cohen, S. S., Mumma, M. T., Shore, R. E., Leggett, R. W., & Kerr, G. D. (2018). Dosimetry is Key to Good Epidemiology: Workers at Mallinckrodt Chemical Works had Seven Different Source Exposures. Health Physics. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000000847
Golden, A. P., Ellis, E. D., Cohen, S. S., Mumma, M. T., Leggett, R. W., Wallace, P. W., Girardi, D., Watkins, J. P., Shore, R. E., & Boice, J. D. (2019). Updated mortality analysis of the Mallinckrodt uranium processing workers, 1942–2012. International Journal of Radiation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2019.1569773

Citations Associated:

Dupree-Ellis, E., Watkins, J., Ingle, J. N., & Phillips, J. (2000). External radiation exposure and mortality in a cohort of uranium processing workers. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.1.91

Ellis, E. D., Boice, J. D., Golden, A. P., Girardi, D. J., Cohen, S. S., Mumma, M. T., Shore, R. E., Leggett, R. W., & Kerr, G. D. (2018). Dosimetry is Key to Good Epidemiology: Workers at Mallinckrodt Chemical Works had Seven Different Source Exposures. Health Physics. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000000847

Golden, A. P., Ellis, E. D., Cohen, S. S., Mumma, M. T., Leggett, R. W., Wallace, P. W., Girardi, D., Watkins, J. P., Shore, R. E., & Boice, J. D. (2019). Updated mortality analysis of the Mallinckrodt uranium processing workers, 1942–2012. International Journal of Radiation Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2019.1569773